A Short History of The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áŚááśáśááľ á°áá áś á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá áłáŞá á á ááŠ
á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¨áĽááá áĽáá á¨ááľá˘á ááá ááľáĄáĄ á áľááľá á áá˘áŠ áłááľ âá˘áľáŽáľáŤ áĽááżá áá° áĽááá áĽáá áľáá¨ááá˝â (áá. áˇáŻáĽá´áŠ) á°áĽá áĽáá°á°ááá¨ááľ á áĽáá áŞáłáá á áá˛áľ áŞáłá áĽáá° áááá áľááá á¨ááłáŠ áłáŚá° á˝áŽá áĽá ááá° ááľááá áĽááżá ááááł á°ááĽááá˝áĄáĄ á¨ááá˝ ááá ááááľá á°áááł á¨áĽááá á¨áá˛áľ áŞáłá áĽáááľ á áťáŤ á ááá
ááá¸áŁá¨á
áŁáłááĄáĄ
Ethiopia is a country that has been in Godâs favor for centuries. As it was prophesized by King David, "Ethiopia will stretch out her hands to God" (Ps. 67:31), she opened her hands and received the Ark of the Covenant and the section of the True Cross, which are seen as cornerstones in the Old Testament and the New Testament. Different from other parts of the world, the traces of the faith of the Old and New Testaments are prominently reflected in the history and culture of Ethiopia.
á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áŚááśáśááľ á°áá
áś á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá á¨áľáľáľáą á¨áŚáá¨ááłá áŚááśáśááľ á°áááś á áĽáŤá° ááŞáľá˛áŤááľ áááľá á¨áŽááľ (ááĽá˝)ᣠá
ááľáŁ áśááŤáŁ á áááá á¤ááľáŤ á áᡠááľá˘ á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á áá˝áá á
áąáľ á¨á áᣠáá á áá á¨á°á áá°á˝ á˛áá á¨áááľáľá á ááľ á¨áĽáá áŞáłáá áĽáááľá áŁá
á á°ááĽá áĽááá áĽááá áłááá áĽáá°áá á áá˝áá á
áąáľ áááá¨ááᢠáá áĽááľ áŤá
á áĽááąá á á
áá á áá° á á˛áľ áŞáłá ááá áĽáá¸áááŤááá˘
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is one of the six Oriental Orthodox Tewahedo Christian churches, namely from Coptic (Egypt), India, Syria, Armenia and Eritrea. Ethiopia is mentioned more than forty times in the Bible, and the Bible tells us that before Christianity, it accepted the faith and culture of the Old Testament and worshiped God. We will present a few examples and move on to the New Testament period.
á¨áááľá° áłáŁ áááľ á°áááá áááĽááľ
Queen of Shebaâs Visit of King Solomon
á¨áłáŁá áááĽáľ á¨á°áááá ááᣠá¨áĽááá áĽáááá áľá á á°áá˝ áá á áááá˝ áá á˝áąá áĽá ááá
á¨á¨á á¨á ááá á áľáá á¨áłáá
áá áá á°áááá á á˘á¨áŠáłáá á áĽááá
áá˝ áľááľáá áááľ ááŁá˝á˘ áá° á°áááá á ááŁá˝ áá á ááĽá áŤááá áá ááá¨á˝áᢠá°áááá á¨á á¨áá˝áá áá ááłááľ (áá˝áá áááĽáľ ááłáá á˛áĽáŠ-á˛áŤá¤ áá˝áá áá áááá áŤáá áąáĽáŠ-á˛áŞ)ᢠáááľá° áłáŁ á¨á°ááá áááá á¨ááŁá áá
áá° á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á°áááł ááá°á˝áŁ ááá á áľá á¨á áŁáąá ááá á˘á¨áŠáłááá ááĽááś á˛áááľ á¨áá´á á˝ááľá áŤá
áá° áŚáŞáľáᣠáĽáá˛áá á áŤá á¨áĽáá ááťáááľá á¨áááťá¸á áá áá áᣠ(á ᣠáááááŽáľ á˛áąáťáşáą)ᢠáááľá° áłáŁ á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¨ááá°á˝á á¨áááśáľ áá°áľ á ááľ áĽ.á .á . á¨á˛áťá˛áŤ áĽáľá¨ áąáťášáŞ á.á. áá áᢠáĽááá áĽáá ááá´ á¨á°á á á˝ááľ áᏠá ááá° á áľáŁáŤáľ á ááąá á
áŽá á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá ááááá˘
When the Queen of Sheba heard the fame of Solomon and the name of God, she loaded camels with perfumes, gold, and precious stones, and came with a large entourage to test Solomon with riddles in Jerusalem. And when she went in unto Solomon, she told him all that was in her heart. Solomon granted her everything she asked for (1 Kings 1:1-13; Chronicles 9:1-12).
Queen Sheba gave birth to a son named Menelik from Solomon back in Ethiopia, and when the boy grew up and returned from visiting his father's country of Jerusalem, he brought back the tablets of Moses and the Ark of the Covenant, as well many the books of the Torah, along with their scholars (Abba Gregory 1999 EC).
Queen Saba reigned in Ethiopia before Christ's birth, from 1113 to 992 B.C. EC. The holy tablets that God gave to Moses, along with the Ark of the Covenant today reside in the great Axum Zion Church.
á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ ááἠáŁáá ááłá˝á á˘á¨áąáľ áááľáśáľ á á¤á°ááá á˛áááľ ááá ááŁá á¨áᤠá¨áá áŠááľ áŚáľáľ áááĽáłáľ á ááą áľáááá
King Bazen of Ethiopia was one of the three Wise Men who traveled to Bethlehem and offered gold, incense, and myrrh to our new-born Lord Jesus Christ
áá˘áŠ áłááľ âá˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá á ááą áá°ááłáᤠá ááśášá áááľ áá
ááᤠá¨á áá˛áľá á¨á°á´áśá˝ áááĽáłáľ áľáŚáł áŤááŁáᤠá¨áłáŁá á¨áá¨áĽ áááĽáłáľá áĽá
áááť áŤáááŁáᤠáááĽáłáľ áá áá°ááąááłáâ áĽá (áá. á¸áŠáĽ áą-á˛) á á°ááá¨á áľáá˘áľ áá á¨áľ ááŽáľáľ á ááá á áľ ááá á¨áááł ááá á ááľáá á á¤á°ááá ááłá˝á á˘á¨áąáľ áááľáśáľ á á°ááá° áá áĽá á áá˝ á°áá˝ á¨ááĽáŤá
ááĄá¤ áá° á¤áľ ááĽá°á ááťáá á¨áĽááą áá á áá°á á¨áá¨áľ á á¨áá ááá°á á°ááąááľá¤ áłáĽáá¸áá á¨áá°á áŽá¨ááá¸áá ááľá°á áááá ááŁááá á¨áá¤áá ááĽá á ááĄááľâ áĽá áááááá á
áąáľ áá´ááľ (áá´.áŞáĽáŠ-á˛áŠ) áĽáá°áťáá ááłá˝á á˘á¨áąáľ áááľáśáľ á á¤á°ááá á°áááś áłá ááá
ááŁá á¨áᤠá¨áá áŠááľ áŚáľáľ áááĽáłáľ á ááą á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ ááἠáŁáá áĽáá°áá ᨠáá°á¨áŤááĄáĄ
King David prophesized, "Ethiopians prostrate before him; And his enemies will turn to ashes. The kings of Tarsus and the islands bring gifts; The kings of Saba and Arabs also offer incense. All kings will bow down to him" (Ps. 1:9-10) According to the prophecy, when our Lord Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem, a part of Judea during the reign of Herod, three Wise Men came from the East; They entered the house and saw the child with his mother, got down from the horse carriage and worshiped him. They opened their chests, untied them, and gave him gold, frankincense, and myrrh. According to the evangelist Saint Matthew (Matthew 2:1-11), it is narrated that when our Lord Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem, one of the three kings who gave him gold, incense, and myrrh was King Bazen of Ethiopia.
áá˘áŠ á˘áłááŤáľ âá¨áááá˝ áĽááľáŁ á¨ááľáŤáá á¨ááá áááá˝ áá¸áááťáᤠáá á¨áłáŁ áááŁáᤠááá áá ááŁáá áŤááŁáᤠá¨áĽááá áĽáááá ááľáá áŤááŤáâ (á˘áł.áˇáĽáŽ) áĽá á áľáá˘áľ áĽáá°á°ááá¨á á¨ááá áĽá áááť áŤáá¨á á á˘áľáŽáľáŤáá ááἠáĽáá°áá á ááááŤáᢠáľááá á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áááľáśáľá áŤááá˝áá áᣠá áá á¨áĽ áá°áąá áŤá¨á á¨á˝á á¨á°ááá°á áľ áá ááᎠáľááá á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá ááłáááľ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá ááŁáá áľááá ááá˘
The prophet Isaiah wrote, "The multitude of camels, the camels of Midian and Gepher, will cover you; They all come from Saba. They bring gold and incense. And they will talk about God's praise" (Isa. áˇ:6) It is said that it was the Ethiopian king who offered the gold-handed torch. Therefore, since Ethiopia recognized Christ and celebrated his birth by offering offerings, it is right that the Ethiopian church is called the first church.
á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áááĽáľ á áá°áŹ á ááĽá ááá°á¨áŁ áŁáŽáľ á¨á˘á¨áŠáłáá á¨á ááᎠááá áááľáľáá áá° á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áľááááŁáą
How the Ethiopian Queen Hindekeâs (Candace) Commander and Eunuch Bachos Went on His Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Brought Christianity to Ethiopia
á ááááŤáľ áĽáŤ áááŤá 8 áĽáá°á°áťáá âá¨ááłá ááá á áááśáľá á°ááĽá°á á á°áĄáĽ á áŠá á¨á˘á¨áŠáłáá áá° áá áá°ááŤááá°á ááľá¨ á áł áá°áá ááááľ ááľâ á ááᤠá°ááĽáśá áá°á¤ áĽááá âá áá°áŹâ á¨á°áŁáá˝ á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áááĽáľ á ááĽá ááá°á¨áŁ á¨áá ᨠá ááááĄáá áá á¨á°áá á á ááľ á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á°á áá°ááľ áá° á˘á¨áŠáłáá ááĽáś áá áᤠá˛áááľá á á á¨áá á°ááጠá¨áá˘áŠá á¨á˘áłááŤáľá áá˝áá áŤáἠáá áᤠááááľá áááśáľá áá°áá á á¨áá á á¨áĽá á°ááá á ááá¤
As it is written in Book of Acts Chapter 8, starting with verse 26, âThen an angel of the Lord said to Philip, âGet up and go toward the south to the road that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza.â (This is a wilderness road.) So he got up and went. Now there was an Ethiopian eunuch, a court official of "Hindeke" (Candace), queen of the Ethiopians, in charge of her entire treasury. He had come to Jerusalem to worship and was returning home; seated in his chariot, he was reading the prophet Isaiah. Then the Spirit said to Philip, âGo over to this chariot and join itâ
áááśáľá áŽáŚ á¨áá˘áŠá á¨á˘áłááŤáľá áá˝áá á˛áŤáἠá°áá âá áĽáá á¨ááłáá áá áłáľá°ááááá á?â á ááᤠáĽááąá âá¨á°á¨áááá áłááá áá áĽáá´áľ ááťááá?â á ááᤠááĽáśá á¨áĽááą áá áááἠáááľ áááśáľá ááááᤠáŤááĽá áá á¨áá ᨠá¨áá˝áá ááá áá áá á¨áĽ áĽáá° á á áá°ááłá¨áľ á°ááłáŁ á¨á á á áŚáľá á á¸ááš ááľ áá áĽáá°áá áĽáá˛á á áá á áá¨áá°áᤠá ááá°áą áááą á°ááá°á¤ ááááą á¨ááľá á°áááłáá˝á áľáááąááľ áá ááááŤáâ
So Philip ran up to it and heard him reading the prophet Isaiah. He asked, âDo you understand what you are reading?â He replied, âHow can I, unless someone guides me?â And he invited Philip to get in and sit beside him. Now the passage of the scripture that he was reading was this: âLike a sheep he was led to the slaughter, and like a lamb silent before its shearer, so he does not open his mouth. In his humiliation justice was denied him. Who can describe his generation? For his life is taken away from the earth.â
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áá˘áŠ áá
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á¨áá¨áááá áááľáá?â á áááĄáĄ áááśáľá âá áášá ááĽá
áĽáłáá á°áá
áśá áâ á ááᤠáááśá âá˘á¨áąáľ áááľáśáľ á¨áĽááá áĽáá áá
áĽáá°áá á ááááâ á ááĄáĄ á°á¨áááá ááá áááľ á ááᤠáááśáľá ááá°á¨áŁá áááąá áá° áá áá¨áąá¤ á á ááááᤠá¨áááá á¨áᥠá áá á¨ááł ááááľ áááśáľá áá áá ááá°á¨áŁáá ááá°á á áá¨ááᤠá°áľ áĽááľ ááááąá áááľ áá ááâ (á¨áá. áĽ. á°áĄáłáŽ-á´áą)
The eunuch asked Philip, âAbout whom, may I ask you, does the prophet say this, about himself or about someone else?â Then Philip began to speak, and starting with this scripture, he proclaimed to him the good news about Jesus. As they were going along the road, they came to some water; and the eunuch said, âLook, here is water! What is to prevent me from being baptized?â He commanded the chariot to stop, and both of them, Philip and the eunuch, went down into the water, and Philip baptized him. When they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord snatched Philip away; the eunuch saw him no more, and went on his way rejoicing.
áĽáá˛á á áááľ áááááá áááľ áĽáá°á°á¨á¨á á¨áááľáľá áĽáááľá áĽáááľ áá° á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¨ááŁá á á´áŹ á.á. á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áááĽáľ á ááá°áŹ ááá°á¨áŁ á áŁáŽáľ á ááŤáááľ áááĄáĄ áŤá áááá á ááááľ á áąáľ ááŞááľ áááááá áááśáľ ááᤠâá˘á¨áąáľ áááľáśáľ á¨áĽááá áĽáá áá áááá á áááá" á¨áááá á¨áĽáááľ ááá á áááá á¨ááá¨á áááá áŤá á¨á¨á° á˘áľáŽáľáŤáá áŁáŽáľ áááĄáĄ
According to the evangelist Luke, the Christian faith and baptism entered Ethiopia in 34 AD. In Ethiopia, the queen is through Hindeke's eunuch Bakos. Philip the Evangelist baptized him under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. It was Bacchus, the Ethiopian who initiated the Christian declaration of faith, "I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God" and contributed to the world.
áŁáŽáľ á˘á¨áąáľ áááľáśáľ á¨áĽááá áĽáá áá áááá á ááá á áá á ááłáá áááááš áľáááááá áĽáááľ áľá á°á ᨠá¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá áĽáľá¨áᏠáľá¨áľ á˘á¨áąáľ áááľáśáľ á¨áĽááá áĽáá áá áááá áłáááá˝áŁ áľá°áĽáŤáá˝á¤ áłáłáááá˝áĄáĄ á ááá ááááŤáľ á¨áááľáľá áĽáááľá á ááá á á¨ááááŞáŤá á¨áááá á áá፠á¨ááá áŁáŽáľ áá˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá á¨áĽáááľá áĽááá° á ááᎠááá á¨áá á¨áľ áľááá áááĄáĄ
Bachos knew and believed that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and preached the true faith to his people. The Ethiopian Church still believes, preaches and confesses that Jesus Christ is the Son of God. Bachos, who was the first Ethiopian to hear the Gospel and to accept Christianity during the time of the apostles, is the cornerstone of the faith and liturgical building of the Ethiopian Church.
ááá˛áľ áŞáłá á˘áľáŽáľáŤá ááá ááá áĽáá
á áŤáá á¨á¤á° áááľá˛áŤáá˝á ááĽáŤá˝ áááĄáĄ áŁáŽáľ á áá
áááááłá ááá á¨áá áŚáŞáľáá á¨áá ááááá á˝áľá
á á ááľ áá á ááá¸á á¨áŤáąáá á¨á ááŠá áľá á á
áąáľ áá˝áá áááľá áŤáľ á á
áˇááĄáĄ áŁáŽáľ áá° á áአá°áááś á¨á
áąáľ áááśáľ áľá áááľáśáľ á¨á°áááá á¨á°á¨áłáá áááááš á˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá áĽáá° á áľá°áᨠá¨áĽááľ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá áłáŞá á¸áá á ááłáĽáŽáľ áááŁá፠á˝áá ááĄáĄ á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá á¨á°áá á¨á°á˝áá á¨áá
áá ááᎠáááĄáĄ
He is the founder of our church, which has received international recognition for the New Testament in Ethiopia. In this religious journey, Bachos accomplished the righteousness of the Torah and the Gospel in one journey, and went on to enshrine the name of himself and his country in the Holy Scriptures. Bachos returned to his country and taught his fellow Ethiopians what he had heard and understood about Christ from St. Philip, according to the historian of the ancient church, Eusebius of Caesaria. The Ethiopian church was founded from this time.
á¤á° áááľá˛áŤáá˝á á áąáľ áááśáľ á¨áááľáľá á áŁáˇ áľááá á áľá á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá á áá á˝ááľ ááá áłá¨áĽá¨ááá˝áĄáĄ á á¸ááąá á á ááá ááąá áľáłáááá˝á¤ á¨á áąáłá ááááŤáľ ááŤá¨á á áąáľ áá´ááľáŁ á áąáľ ááľáá¤áᣠá áąáľ á áá°ááááľáŁ á áąáľ áśááľ á ááĽáŤá á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á ááŤááá˝ áĽá¨á°áááአááááá áĽáá° á°á አá¨á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá áłáŞá á¸áááá˝ áĽááŠáááľá áĽá áśá áŤáĽáľ ááľáá¨áááĄáĄ
Our church honors St. Philip with a plaque in his name. She trusts in his prayers and intercession. Among the holy apostles, Saint Matthew, Saint Nathaniel, Saint Bartholomew, and Saint Thomas preached the Gospel while traveling in Nubian and Ethiopian provinces.
á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¨áááľáľá áĽáááľ ááľáááľ
The Spread of Christianity in Ethiopia
á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¨áááľáľá áĽáááľ áĽáá˛áľáá ááá á áľá°áá˝á áŤá á¨á¨áą á áąáłá ááŤá¨á á áąáľ ááŹáááŚáľ á ᣠá°ááᣠá áąáľ áŤáŹáľáŁ á áąáľ áááá áᣠá°á°ááą á áąáłá áĽá á áĄá á°áá áááááľá á áá áĽáľá á á áአáĽááľá°áááááá˘
Among the saints who contributed significantly to the spread of Christianity in Ethiopia, we will briefly introduce Saint Frumentius (Abba Selama), Saint Jared (Yared), Saint Lalibela, The Nine Saints and Abune Tekle Haimainot in this issue.
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áąáľ ááŹáááŚáľ (á ᣠá°áá)
Saint Frumentius (Abba Selama)
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ááľ ááááľ áááŁáá áĽá á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá áłáłáľ áĽáá˛áŤáľááŁááľ á
áąáľ ááŹáááŚáľ á ᣠá°ááá áá° áĽáľáááľá፠áá¨á˝áĄáĄ á
áąáľ á áľáá´ááľ á¨áĽáľáááľá፠ááľááŤááá áŤáąá ážá áá¨ááĄáĄ á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áááľáľáá á¨á°áá áá˝á á ááááŞáŤá áááľ áááľ ááá áĽáá á á˛ááśáľ áá á¨á¤á˛áľ ááśáľ ááá á á¨á°á°áŁáľ á á áŤá°áá áááľ áááľ á áŤáťá´ á.á. áááĄáĄ á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á°áᎠááś á¨áĽáľáááľááŤá ááľááŤáá á¨á
áąáľ á áľáá´ááľ áááľ á¤á˛áľ ááśáľ áá á°ážá á ááŁá á á ᣠá°áá á¨áŁá´ áĽááá ááá
áááľ á á áĽááá á á á˝áĽá ááá ááááĽáľ áá á¨áááľáľá áááááľ á ááá
á°á°áĽáłááĄáĄ
In the 4th century, "We deserve such a high priest, who is holy and without guile, blameless, separate from sinners, and high above the heavens" (Hebrews 7, 26), as the apostle St. Paul said about Christ's high priesthood. Saying that she deserves to have a high priest, the Ethiopian Church sent Saint Frumentius (Abba Salama) to Alexandria to bring her a bishop. Saint Athanasius, Patriarch of Alexandria, himself appointed him and sent him. Ethiopia accepted Christianity in the first century, but the Bishop's chair was given to it by the law of the Synod in the fourth century in 330 AD. is it. During the reign of Abrahana Atsaba, the Christian religion was proclaimed by the decree of Abba Selama Kesate Berhan, who was sent from Ethiopia and was appointed as a bishop by the Patriarch of Alexandria, St. Athanasius.
á áąáľ á ᣠá°áá á¨á፠áá ááᎠááá ᨠáľáľáľááá á ááąá áá á áľáá á áááŤá˝á á¨ááááá áĽááá á á°áá áľáááá á¨áŁá´ áĽááá á°áŁááĄáĄ á áá á 4áá ááś ááá ááá á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá á ááá ááá á°á¨á á¨áłááá˝ áĽááŤááľ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá áááá ááĽááˇá áłáŞá áŤáľá¨áłááĄáĄ
Since then, Saint Father Salama has held his pulpit at Axum and spread the light of the gospel widely in our country, so it was called Kesate Berhan. At the same time, in the 4th century, the story explains that the Ethiopian church was able to become a globally recognized national church.
á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá á¨áĽááłááľ á¨áĽáľáááľá፠á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá áá á¨áĽááá° áĽáááľ á ááľááľá á¨áĽá áľááá˝ááľ á áĽá¨áľ áľááá áŤáľ ááĽáááŤá áłáłáłáľ áĽááŁá áá ááľ á ááľá áľ áĽáť á°ááľáá á¨áá¨á á¨á áľá°áłá°áŠá á¨ááľáĽ á ááŤáŠ áááł áá á á˘áľáŽáľáŤááŤá áááááľ ááŤááľ áá ááĄáĄ áľááá á á¤á° áááľá˛áŤáá˝á á áĽááá° á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá ᣠá áĽááá° áľáá ááľá á áŁá á áŤáąá á¨áťá á áá á¨áá áŤáľá áŤááľ ááá á¨áłáá áááĄáĄ
Since the Ethiopian Church had a unity of faith and brotherhood with the ancient Church of Alexandria, the Egyptian bishops were limited to giving the priesthood, but the rest of the administration and internal leadership was held by Ethiopian scholars. Therefore, it is known that our church had and still has an independent position in terms of church, doctrine and culture.
á
áąáľ áŤáŹáľ
Saint Jared (Yared)
á
áąáľ áŤáŹáľ ááŤá፠á áá ááťáśá á.á á á á¨áąá á¨á°á á°ááá°á¤ ááááá á¨ááťáľ-ááťáˇ á.á á áááᤠáááŚáľ á˛áŠ áá ááťá¸áŠ á.á á á°áá á°áŤáŤáá˝ á á¸áááľ ááť ááľáĽ á°á áá¨áĄáĄ á
áąáľ áŤáŹáľ á¨ááĽáᣠáĽááá á áŤáŤá áááá˝á á¨áŚáľáľ ááá˝ /áááĽááľ á ááá˝ á°ááľáá/ áááŠá áááááľ ááááŁááĄáĄ áĽááá
áááĽááľ áĽá¨ááŠáľ áá° á áá áŤá á áá á¨áłáŹáąá áŤá
áá° á°áá áá á¨á°áᨠá áá á ááľ á ፠á°ááľ á á ááąá á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá âáá á፠áá ἠáá á፠ááááľ áá á፠áááááľ á
áąáľ ááłáá áá˝áŽá áŁá¨á¨ áá áłáá á á¨á Ꭰááá´ áá¨á ááá á ááĽáŤ áá°áĽá°áŤâ áĽá á áááĄáĄ
Saint Yared was born on April 5, 555 AD in the city of Aksum. He composed the holy Chants during the period 544-566 AD. On May 11, 591 A.D., he lived the life of a monk in a cave in the northern mountains. Scholars document that Saint Yared learned Geez, Ezl and Ararai songs from three angels who appeared in the form of birds. These angels led him to Arayam Argo, after he learned the song of the 24 Priests of Heaven, at 3 o'clock in the morning, he sang "Hallelujah to the Father, Hallelujah to the Son, Hallelujah to the Holy Spirit, the first one to Zion, and the first one to Moses.
á¨á áąáľ áŤáŹáľ á¨ááááŞáŤ ááá âá ááŤáâ á ááŁá ááłááááĄáĄ áá á á¨áááĽááľ ááá á¨á°áá á¨á°áá áááá ááá á¨á áááĄáĄ á áąáľ áŤáŹáľ áá˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá á°ááŤá ááá á¨áá áá¨áąá áá á áľáá ááľ áá°áľá á áľá°áá˝á á áľáááᤠá¨áľááᣠá¨ážá áľáá á¨ááᏠáááĽááľáá á¨á áłá´á áľáá ááľ á¨ááľá°ááŠá á áá áá á áľáá ááľá áá á¨áľ áĽáááĄáĄ áááá áŤááá á áá áá˛áŠ áááłáľ áĽáľá¨ á áᣠááá áľá¨áľ áᎠá áľá°ááŻááĄáĄ
Saint Yared's first Chant is known as "Ariam". To ask if this is from the angels or from Heaven. Saint Yared contributed to the educational process in addition to contributing Heavenly music to the Ethiopian church. Dgwan, Tome Dgwan not only taught singing and liturgy, but also laid the foundation for poetry. After composing the Chant, he traveled and taught for 11 years up to the Arba Minch region.
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áąáľ áááá á
Saint Lalibela
á
áąáľ áááá á áłá
áłáľ áłáą áá á˛áťáš á.á á°ááá°á¤ á°á á˛áŞ áá á˛áŞáťáŻ á.á á á¨áᢠá á°ááá° áá á áἠáľá á°á¨á á áĽááą áá áá áá ááááľ "áá áá áá" áĽáááá˝á˘ á
áąáľ áááá á á¨áĽááŤáľáá á¨áá˛áłáľá áľáá
ááľ áľááá á¨á°áá¨á á áá
á á¨ááŤáá
ááᢠá
áąáľ áááá á á¨á˘áľáŽáľáŤ ááἠá¨áá ᨠá˛ááᤠáľá áááľááá á á ááĽá¨ ááľáá áá áᢠáĽá á áĽáŤá° áááľá˛áŤááľá áŤá°áŤ á˛áá á á¨á°áá á á°áĽá¨ áŽá áááá áŤáľá°ááá á¨áłá˝ á¨á°áá¨ááŠáľá ÂŹá˛áŠ á áĽáŤá° áááľá˛áŤááľá á áááááľ á ááĽááľ á¨ááĽá áááá á ááˇáá˘
Saint Lalibela was born in 1162 AD and died in 1221 AD. When he was born, he was surrounded by bees, so his mother called him "Lal Yibelal" to mean that he eats honey. Saint Lalibela was well-educated and was well-versed in the interpretation of the teachings of both the books of the Old and New Testaments. Saint Lalibela reigned as the king of Ethiopia and his royal name was Emperor Gebre Meskel. He built many churches and in the city of Debre Roha, he carved the 11 churches listed below out of rock with the help of angels.
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áŠ. á¤á° á ááá¤á |
áŞ. á¤á° ááľááááá Bete Medane Alem |
áŤ. á¤á° áááŤá Bete Mariam |
áŹ. á¤á° ááŤá¤á Bete Mikael |
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| á. á¤á° ááĽáá¤á Bete Gabriel |
áŽ. á¤á° ááľáá Bete Meskel |
áŻ. á¤á° ááááł Bete Golgota |
á°. á¤á° ááŽáááľ |
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áą. á¤á° ááááŹááľ |
á˛. á¤á° ááŁááľ |
á˛áŠ. á¤á° á°ááá |
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áá á á
áąáłá
The Nine Saints
áá á á
áąáłá á áŹáááśá ááŁá¤ ááááŤáľ á á°áááśáá˝ áá á á ááŽáᣠá áĽáľáŤá á ááŤá¨ááá ááĽáŤá
á á°ááŁá áá°á á¨á°ááł á¨áŽáᣠá¨áĽáľáŤáŁ á¨á áážáŞáŤáŁ á¨ááľáĽááĽááŤáŁ á¨ááłááŤá á¨áŞáá፠á áľá°áľ á¨áᥠáá¸áᢠáľáá¸áá á ᣠá ááᣠá ᣠá á¨ááᣠá ᣠá°áá áááᣠá ᣠááŞáᣠá ᣠáľááᣠá ᣠá áá´áŁ á ᣠááááľáŁ á ᣠááááł áĽá á ᣠáᣠááŁááᢠáá á á
áąáłá á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¨áááľáľá áĽáááľ áĽáá˛áľáá á¨áá°á á áľá°áá˝á áŤá á¨á¨áą á˛áá á á°ááá áĽááá° á¤á° áááľá˛áŤáá á á˝áá°ááᣠá¨á°ááŤáŠ áá˝áááľá á°áááááᣠáľáĽá¨á° ááááá á áľááá°ááᣠá ááŤáł ááłááľá ááľáá°ááᣠáĽááá° áááŠáľáá á á°áŤá
á°ááá˘
The Nine Saints came from Rome, Asia, Antioch, Constantinople, Caesarea, and Cilicia as a result of the challenges raised by the Council of Chalcedon against pagans in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Their names are Aba Alef, Aba Argawi, Aba Pantelewon, Aba Gerima, Aba Phma, Aba Afpe, Aba Likanos, Aba Ymata and Aba Guba. The nine saints contributed greatly to the spread of Christianity in Ethiopia, especially they strengthened the church system, translated various books, spread the gospel, founded many monasteries, and organized the order of monks.
á áĄá á°áááááááľ
Abune Tekle-Haimanot
á áĄá á°áááááááľ áłá
áŁáĽ áłáŹ áá á˛áŠáťášáŽ á.á á á°áá á¸á áĄáá á˝ááá˝ á°ááá°á ááá´ áłáŹ áá á˛áŞáťášáŽ á.á á ááááᢠá á°áááą á áŚáľáľ ááá¸á á¨áĽááłá¸á áĽá
á ááá°á ÂŤá ááą á ἠá
áąáľáŁá ááą áááľ á
áąáľáŁ á ááą ááĽáą ááááľ á
áąáľÂť áĽáá áĽáá´á á ááľááááᢠá˘áľáŽáľáŤá áá¨á ááááá á¨ááľá°ááŤá¸áá á áá áááĄá á¨áŁááľ á ááᎠáá° áááľáľá á ááááľ ááłáááᢠá áĄá á°áááááááľ ááá á¨á°á°áŁá¸á áĽá¸áá áťáľá
á˛áá á áĽááá á á¨áá ááá áĽáá°áá á ááľáá¸á ááááŤáᢠá¨ááĽá˝ áááľá˛áŤáá˝ ááťáľá á áŁáłá˝á áአáá
á áŤáá¸á á˛áá á áľáá¸á á áĽáŤá° áááľá˛áŤáá˝ á°ááááá˘
Abune Teklahimanot was born on December 24, 1186 AD in North Showa Bulga Tsilalash and passed away on August 24, 1286 AD. On the third day of their birth, they came down from their mother's arms and praised the Trinity by saying, "One is the Holy Father, one is the Holy Son, one is the Holy Spirit." They toured Ethiopia and taught the gospel and are known for converting the people from foreign worship to Christianity. It is said that Abune Tekla Haimanot was the only righteous person who was given wings and used to travel in a light chariot. Egyptian Christians have a special love for our righteous father and they planted churches in his name.
áááľáśáľ á¨á°á°ááá áľ ááá° ááľáá áá° á˘áľáŽáľáŤ áááŁáľ
The Arrival of the True Cross to Ethiopia
ááłá˝á ááľáááłá˝á á˘á¨áąáľ áááľáśáľ á á°á°ááá áľ ááľáá á°á ááŤáľ áĽááá˝ á¨á°ááŤá¨ á°á á°ááá°áááĄáĄáá
á á áŁá áĽá á°áá˝á áááľáśáľá áá° ááá áľá§á¸áááĄáĄ áá
á áľáá
áľáŤ á¨á°ááá¨áą á¨áááľáśáľ á ááśá˝ ááľáá áĽááŤáá á ááĽáŤáľ á°áááŽáá˝ áĽáá˛á°á á ááľáťá á˝áŁ áĽá¨á°á¨á°á¨ áľáá
áľáŤ ááľáŤáą áľáááľá°á°áłá¸á ááľááá á¨ááááł á ááľá°á á ááŤá á áá á¨á°á°áááľ ááá á´áá˝ á¨á°á°ááá áľá ááľáá áááłáłáľ á¨áá¨á ááĽá¨ááľ ááŤáť áááłáľ áŤá
á á¨á¨á°áá áĽáŤá ááťáť áĽá¨á°áŁáá áľ á¨á°áá á¨á áľ áŚáł á°áŤáŤ áĽáľáŞáá áľá¨áľ áááˇááĄáĄ
Through the miracles of the cross where our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ was crucified, many were healed from various diseases, which brought many people to believe in Christ. The enemies of Christ, who saw this miracle, were not pleased with the fact that the cross was performing miracles such as healing the blind and the deaf, so they removed the cross from Golgotha ââand added it to the crosses on which the criminals to the left and right of Christ were hung.
áááľáľ áĽáá á¨ááľáá áá
á á¨áá áŤáľá ááááľáľá áááááľ á¨á°ááá˝ áááááˇá áá˝áĄáĄ áá áááľ ááľá áá˘ááľ á ááá ááááľáą á áľáĽááá° ááľáá áĽá á ááśášá áľá á áááłáą á¨áŚáŠ áአááááľ á áľáááľ áááˇáᤠáááľáá áłáá
á ááĽáŽáľá á áľáááľ áá á¨ááĄáĄ áááľáľ áĽáá á¨ááľáá á°ááĽáŽ áá
á¨áľ á˛áŤáľá¨áááľ ááŻáá áááłá á˛ááťá˝ á áŤáťáłáŻ á.á. ááľááá ááá áááááľ ááᣠá°ááłá˝áĄáĄ
Queen Helena (Eleni) was a devout Christian and had abundant love for the Cross. During the reign of her son, King Constantine, he defeated many of his enemies with the crucifix and kept it as a special symbol of his army. He had great respect and admiration for the Cross. Queen Eleni always agonized over the fact that Christâs Cross had been buried away for years. She therefore set out to locate the True Cross in 327 AD.
ááá áá á¨ááá áááľ áĽáá˛áá áŚáłá áŚáľáľ á°áŤáŤáá˝ áŤáá áľá á á¨áľáá á°áŤáŤ á áĽááá áááľ áĽáá°á°áá ᨠá¨áááá á°á á ááĄáĄ á áá¨á¨áť áá á¨ááľáá áááŁáľ á¨áĽááá áĽáá áááą áá á¨á áľáááá áŚáłáá áááááľ áŁá°á¨áá˝á áŤáá°áá° áĽá¨áľ á ᣠáŞááŤáŽáľ á á°áŁá áłáá ááááłá á áŁáľ áŚáłá á¨áśáľáą á°áŤáŤáá˝ á á ááą ááá á°áááŤáľáĄáĄ á áŤáĽáá á á°ááá¸ááľ áá°á¨áľ áĽá áĽáá¨áľ á áľá°á፠áĽá ááŁá á¨á፠á áĽáłáľ á ááŤáŤá á˛ááŁá á á¨áĽáŁá á˘á° á áłáŹ áá° á°áá áá áĽá á¨áᣠá áá áĽáá° ááľáľ áá° ááŹáľ á°áááś ááľáá á¨á°áá á¨á áľá áŚáł á ááááˇááĄáĄ
But as she conducted her search, due to the passage of time and the difficult terrain of the region, including three mountains, Queen Eleni was unable to find a credible source to point her in the direction of where the Cross was buried. But eventually, through God's will for His Cross to be found, she found the great spiritual father, Abba Kyriakos, who informed her which one of the three mountains under which the Cross was buried. Then, according to written history, Queen Eleni, as it was revealed to her in a vision, to make a bonfire or Demera, and adding to it very fragrant incense called Sandrose. The smoke of the burning wood and the incense rose to heaven and miraculously bowed down pointing towards the hill where the Life-giving Cross had been buried. Being led by the miracle she observed from the smoke, the queen ordered her people to start digging the mountain on September 27 (Meskerem 17).
ááá˘áľ Რáá á á°áá áá áłáá
á°áľáł ááááĄáĄáĽááá á áŤááą á¨ááľááá ááááľ á á¨ááአááááá˝ á˝áŚ á ááĽáŤáľ áááá á áľá°ááááááĄáĄ á¨áŽáᣠá¨áĽáľáááľááŤáŁ á¨ááľáĽááĽááŤá á¨á¤ááśá ááá áłáłáłáľ á
áąáľ ááľááá á á¨ááᨠáľáĽá¨áłá¸á ááŤáłá¸áᣠááááŁá¸áá ááááŤá¸á áááá á˝áá á á¨á¨áľá á¨áľá¤áľ á°ááá áá
á áĽáá˛á°áŁá¸á á°áŤááá áá°á¨á á
ááŤá¸á á˛áá°áąáľ áááá ááŤá¨ááá á á˘á¨áŠáłáá áĽáá°áᨠá á á á áá°á¨áŤááĄáĄ á¨áá ááá á¨á°á¨á°á áá ááŞá áľááá á á¨áłáŞáŤá áááŤá° á
áľáłáľ áá á ááĽá˝ á¨áááá á¨áĽáľáááľá፠ááľááŤáá á°á¨áጠááľáś á ááĽá á áľááá ááĄáĄ
There was great joy when the Cross was found on March 10th. Eleni and the army spread the good news by lighting torches (âChiboâ) to announce the presence of the cross in every country. It is narrated by the Archbishops of Rome, Alexandria, Constantinople and Ephesus shared the Holy Cross in their respective dioceses to give them strength, enduring blessings and peace and love. It is said that while they retained pieces of the Cross in their own regions, the main and middle part of the Cross was left in Jerusalem. Since its right wing reached Africa, the Patriarch of Alexandria in Egypt took it over and placed it with honor. The traditions of Demera and Chibo endure as part of the faith of the followers of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church to this day.
á ááĽá˝ áŤá áĽáľááá˝ áĽá¨á á áááá¸á á ááᎠá áĽáľáááľá፠á¨áááŠáľá áááľá˛áŤáá˝ áĽáá áŤá¸ááŁá¸á áááᢠáááľá˛áŤáášá á ááľ ááá ááá¨á áá˘áľáŽáľáŤá áá áłááľ áĽáá˛á á¨áá áááááľ áአâááἠáá! á áá á ááĽá˝ áŤá áĽáľááá˝ áá¨áŤ á á˝áá°ááĽááá áááá á á ááĽá°á á áľáłááĽáá áĽáá á á¨ááľâ áłááá áá áłááľá áááááłá áááááľ ááá°á á¨áááľáśáľ áá á á áľááľáśá á¸á áł á˝á á áŤááľ á áľá¨áľáá áá° ááĽá áááąá˘
The Muslims in Egypt became more and more powerful and began to persecute Christians living in Alexandria. The Christians united together and sent a message to the Ethiopian Emperor Dawit (David) saying, "O King! The Muslims here in Egypt have put us through great hardship and oppression, please raise your mighty army and give us relief." Emperor Dawit II, led by his burning love for Christ and the Church, marched to Egypt, along with 20,000 fighters.
á áá
áá á ááĽá
áŤá ááŤáá áአá°á¸á አááᥠáá áłááľá âá á°ááĽáŽ áááľááťá˝á á¨áááľ áááľá˛áŤáá˝ áá áŤááłá¨áá˝á áááŤá˝áá ááĽáź á á ááááâ á¨áá ááľá ááá፠ááĽáľááá˝ ááŠáĄáĄ á¨ááᥠáááááľ ááĽáľáááš áĽáá°á°á¨áłá¸á ááá°á áĽáá°áĽááą á á¨áááááłá¸á ááá°á á á°áá áĽáá˛áአá¨áááľá˛áŤá áááľááťá¸á áá áłá¨ááĄáĄ áá áłááľ á áááá¸á áááł ááĽáá˝ á°á°áľá°á áĽá áááľ ááá
áĽá
áááť á˘á°áĄá á¸áá áááá ááá°á á ááá áĽáá˛á
á¨áá á°áĽáłá¤ áá âá ááĽá
á¨ááľáአá¨áááľáśáľ á°á¨áłáŽá˝ áá áĽááłá á°áľ á áá˝á á¨ááŤá˝áááá ááá
áááź ááŹáá˝áááᤠá¨áĽá ááá ááá
ááá á áá°ááᤠá¨áááľáśáľ áá
á á áľááľáśá á á°áťáá á˝ááŤá˝áá áá á áľáááľáŠáá˝á á ááá á¨ááááá˝á á ááᏠá á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á¨ááĽá á¸ááá áľáá
áľááá¨á°áĽá ááľáááłá˝á á˘á¨áąáľ áááľáśáľ á°á°á
áá áľ á¨áá á¨áá ááľááá á¨á
áąáłáá á á
á á¨ááá˝ ááĄáŤá áááá˝ áá áĽááľáľááŠáá áá á¨áá áá ááĄáĄ
Upon hearing this, those in control of Egypt were terrified. And King Dawit sent a warning to the Muslims saying, "If you do not reconcile with the Christians who are your natural brothers, I will come and destroy your country." Upon receiving this warning, the Muslims reconciled with their Christian brothers so that they could live peacefully in their respective religions as before.
Grateful for the great favor that King Dawit had done for them, the Christians of Egypt sent him much gold as a show of their appreciation; however, King Dawit returned all of it, along with a message: "Congratulations, followers of Christ living in Egypt, I have sent you back the gold you sent me; My purpose is not to search for gold; The love of Christ forced me to address your problems as much as I could. Instead, as great famine and suffering has descended upon my country, I beseech you to send me the Cross on which our savior Jesus Christ was crucified and the remains of the saints, along with other holy items to help us battle against the challenges my country is facing.â
á áĽáľáááľááŤá áŤá ááĽááá áá áááááľ áĽáá°á°á¨áłá¸á á¨ááá áłáłáłáąá á¨á¤á˛áľ ááśáłáą áá ááááľ á ááľá¨á áá ááἠáłáá áááľá˛áŤá áááĄáĄ áľááá ááĄá á°áľ áĽáá˛áá á¨ááááá á¨ááłá˝áá ááá° ááľáá á¨á áąáłá á á˝áá ááᨠá áľáłáľ áá á áá á ááá°á ááá áŁáĽá á ááá á°á áĽáááááľ áĽáá á°áľááá°á á ááĽá á á á¨ááá á ááá á áľááá áľáá á áľá¨áľ á ááĽá°á á áľá¨á¨á§á¸áá˘
As soon as the believers in Alexandria received this message, they discussed with the Archbishops the request of this great Christian king. They concluded that they would consent to the kingâs request and fulfill his heartâs wishes and sent him the piece of the Cross under their care, along with the remains of the saints in the same containers in which he returned the gold that they had sent him on a long procession of decorated chariots and camels.
áá áłááľá ááĄá ááľááá áĽáá°á°áá á âá ááĽá ááľááᨠá á˛á ááľááâ (ááľááá á ááľáá áá á áľáááĽ) á¨áá áŤáĽá áłáŤá¸ááĄáĄ áááĄá áá áá áľááá á ááŁá¸á ááá ááľááá áá ááŤá¸á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á á¨á¨áľ áĽáá˛áááá¸á á á°áľáł áá áĽááłá á á á¨á á áŤáŁá˘ áĽáľá¨áᏠáľá¨áľ á¨áłááľ á°áŤáŤ áĽá¨á°áŁá á áá áŤá áŚáł áá á áľáááľ áá¨ááĄáĄ
á áá áá ááá° ááľáá á¨ááĽá á á˝áá¸á áá á ááá¸á á áá ááľáá
á ááŤáááľ ááĽáˇáᢠáá ááľáá
á á¨ááá áłáŤá°ááąáľ á ááľ áľáá°áአáááľáá¸á áá ááá áŤááἠá¨á áŁáłá¸áá á áľá¨ ááááĽáľ áĽáá°á¨á ᥠá á á°áŤ á¨áá¨áá ááľáá á°á¨á¨áĄáĄáĄ âá ááĽá ááľááᨠá á˛á ááľááâ (ááľááá á ááľáá áá á áľáááĽ) á¨áá áľáĽááá áŤáĽá áĽáá° á áŁáłá¸á áľááłáŤá¸á áĽáá°á°áá°ááľ á á°áŤáŤá á á˘áľáŽáľáŤ á°áŤáŽá˝ áá á áá¸á á°áĽá¨ á¨áᤠáááŤá á áᣠááĄá áá°ááá á áá¨áááĄáĄ
Emperor Dawit received the procession and the noble Cross at the border, as agreed. Upon receiving the Cross, in a vision he heard the message, "Put my cross on the cross." The king took this command in his heart and was full of joy that the Cross would be a blessing for his country Ethiopia; however, before he was able to bring it back to his people, King Dawit suddenly passed away near the border, at a place that to this day is called Mount Dawit.
Subsequently, Emperor Dawitâs son, Emperor Yishaq (Isaac), began the journey of transporting the Cross, along with the remains of his honored father, Emperor Dawit back home to Ethiopia; however, Emperor Yishaq also passed away before he could reach the destination, so his brother, Emperor Zara Yaqob took over the Cross that was entrusted to him as he took hold of his father's scepter. He too received the message "Put my cross on the cross" through a vision, just like his father had. Therefore, he placed the glorious Cross at Geshen Debre Kerbe Mariam Amba on the mountains of Ethiopia that are connected like a chain.
 
á ááŤá á¨áĽááá áĽáá á ἠáĽá á¨áĽáá¤áłá˝á á áľáľáľ áľááá áááŤáá á áĽáŤá° áááľá˛áŤááľ á áłááá á áĽááá áĽáá á ἠá¤á°áááľá˛áŤá áá á¨áľ ááľáĽ á á°ááá áአáŚáł ááľááá á áľááá á á áłá´ á¤áąá ááá´ á˛áŤ áá á¨ááľááá ááĽá¨ á áá á°áá ááľá¨á¨á áłáŠ ááᣠá˛áŹáťáľáŽ á.á. á áľáááľ áĽáá˛á¨á á á˛áŤá°ááᣠá¨áĽáá¤áłá˝á á áľáľáľ áľááá áááŤá á¤á° áááľá˛áŤá á áłá´ á¤áľ áĽá áłáŠ áá á˛áąáťáľáą á.á. á°á¨á á¨áĄáĄ á¨ááŤá áá ááᎠá áá áĽáľáŤááá áľ ááá áľá¨áľ á¨ááľááá á¨áĽáá¤áłá˝á á áľáľáľ áľááá áááŤá á áá á á¨áááą ááľá¨á¨á áłáŠ ááá áĽá áłáŠ áá áĽá áşá á ááá አááĽááá á áááá áľ á á°áá áááł áá¨á áŤááĄáĄ
There, the Father of God and the Holy Virgin Mary consecrated the churches and placed the Cross in a special place in the foundation of the Church of God the Father. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church celebrates each year the discovery of the True Cross on September 27th and the lodging of the piece of the True Cross at Gishen Debre Kerbe on October 1. The EOTC solemnizes the festival of the Holy Cross commemorating its historical background and holds it as her power and seal of salvation. with many thousands of devotees.
áľáĽááľ ááĽááá áĽáá ááááá˛áą áľááá ááááľáá ááĄáá˘
Good praise to God; His Mother, the Blessed Virgin, to the Cross.